martes, 3 de noviembre de 2009

Bolivia aims to industrialize the short-term lithium PDF Print E-Mail

La Paz, Oct 31 (Prensa Latina) The Bolivian government plans to invest 400 million dollars to install an industrial complex of lithium and other resources in the saline evaporitic de Uyuni (Potosí), whose infrastructure will constitute one of the largest in the world.

According to president of Mining, Freddy Beltran, quoted by the daily changes, the project is 100 percent state and its design will begin in 2010.

Beltran's statements took place in the third day of the First International Forum on Science and Technology for Industrialization of Lithium Resources and evaporites, which involves researchers from 14 countries.

Today is completing the construction of the pilot plant in the town of Entre Rios, south of the Salar de Uyuni, with an investment of over 8 million.

"This entity will give us the size of the plant, and we have only an overall estimate of what could be the cost, we talk about $ 400 million," said Beltran.

He stressed that thanks to good economic management of the Government, there are conditions for such investment.

With this advancement, allowing the production of lithium carbonate scale, the Executive expects Bolivia in 2015 generated about 50 thousand tons of product per year.

Beltran also anticipated the implementation of another manufacturing plant to obtain the potassium salt Coipasa in Oruro.

Next to the industrial complex will be set up production plants of sulfur, potassium chloride, borax, lithium carbonate and magnesium.

The estimated annual profits from the sale of these products skirted the $ 500 million, as announced Thursday by President Evo Morales during his visit to Uyuni.

According to projections by the National Resource Management evaporites future industrial plant will house a thousand 500 workers directly.

Bolivia's lithium reserves, estimated at about 100 million tons, has drawn interest from several foreign companies including Bollore, France, Japan's Sumitomo and Mitsubishi, General Motors and the other from Russia, India and South Korea .

All those companies seeking to exploit the metal, widely used in batteries for mobile phones, digital cameras and laptops, among other electronic equipment.

Clorox a realizar cambios en las plantas de cloro

El Clorox Co. va a cambiar la forma en que hace su blanqueador del mismo nombre de la eliminación gradual del transporte de cloro en los vagones de ferrocarril, a sus fábricas.

La composición química de la lejía no será cambiado, dijo el vocero Dan Staublin, pero los ingredientes transportado a las fábricas y se almacena allí va a cambiar.

"El énfasis aquí es que estamos eliminando el transporte de cloro de nuestro extremo a extremo de la cadena de suministro", dijo Staublin.

En lugar de enviar cloro en vagones de tren a sus plantas, Clorox (NYSE: CLX) va a comprar "blanqueo de alta resistencia" de los fabricantes y los buques que en los camiones. Una vez en la planta, el blanqueo de alta resistencia se diluye y se trata con procesos propios de la compañía para crear cloro de uso doméstico.

Esto también significa que el cloro no tendrá que ser almacenado y manipulado en las fábricas.

Staublin dio dos razones principales para el cambio - la eficacia y la seguridad.

"Estamos en un entorno de reglamentación. Ciertos productos químicos están siendo examinados más de cerca ", dijo. Si los reguladores de EE.UU. se centran en el cloro en el futuro y las necesidades de cambio para el transporte y su almacenamiento, que podría ser más caros.

Ya, los reglamentos permiten envío soluciones de hipoclorito de sodio, que normalmente contienen entre el 5 por ciento a 15 cloro por ciento más fácil, que el transporte de cloro elemental en sí, ya que las personas que manejan el material requiere menos formación de seguridad. Estas soluciones de cloro son menos peligrosos y más fáciles de manejar que el cloro.

Aunque Staublin Clorox hizo hincapié en que "ha manejado responsablemente cloro para todo nuestro 96 años de historia," sin embargo, dijo que estos cambios se añade "otro nivel de seguridad".

Clorox comenzará a hacer estos primeros cambios en una planta en Fairfield. Que debería tomar alrededor de seis meses. Seis otras fábricas alrededor de los Estados Unidos será cambiado en los años siguientes.

Los cambios no afectan al tamaño de la fuerza laboral de la empresa, Staublin dijo.

Don Knauss es CEO y presidente de Oakland de Clorox.

The Clorox Co. will change the way it makes its eponymous bleach by phasing out transport of chlorine in rail cars to its factories.

The chemical composition of the bleach won’t be changed, said spokesman Dan Staublin, but the ingredients transported to the factories and stored there will change.

“The emphasis here is that we’re removing the transportation of chlorine from our end-to-end supply chain,” Staublin said.

Instead of shipping chlorine in rail cars to its plants, Clorox (NYSE: CLX) will buy “high-strength bleach” from manufacturers and ship that in trucks. Once at the plant, the high-strength bleach will be diluted and treated with the company’s proprietary processes to create household bleach.

This also means chlorine won’t have to be stored and handled at the factories.

Staublin gave two main reasons for the change — efficiency and security.

“We’re in a regulatory environment. Certain chemicals are being more closely scrutinized,” he said. If U.S. regulators focus on chlorine in the future and change requirements for shipping it and storing it, that could be more expensive.

Already, regulations allow shipping sodium hypochlorite solutions, which typically contain from 5 percent to 15 percent chlorine, easier than shipping elemental chlorine itself, since people who handle the material require less safety training. Such bleach solutions are less hazardous and easier to handle than chlorine.

Although Staublin emphasized that Clorox has “handled chlorine responsibly for our entire 96-year history,” nevertheless he said these changes will add “another level of security.”

Clorox will start making these changes first at a plant in Fairfield. That should take about six months. Six other factories around the United States will be changed over the following few years.

The changes won’t affect the size of the company’s workforce, Staublin said.

Don Knauss is CEO and chairman of Oakland-based Clorox.

lunes, 2 de noviembre de 2009

Plantas y Flores :/ plants and flowers Scientific development will directly support the improvement of technical support to human progress.

SANTO DOMINGO "Early last century, the prevailing theme was the territorial defense, which resulted developing world wars, but now the problem is based on prevailing issues are very closely inter: warming global power generation through cleaner mechanisms to prevent damage to the ozone layer and increasing the population to the lack of food and water.

The beginning of 2008 showed the consolidation of population growth globally, led by China and India, and the sharp increase in agricultural input prices, driven mainly by rising food demand and poor harvests which world markets fell.

But the dramatic beginning of 2009 showed a different world, where concerns about food security was replaced by the urgency in resolving the financial crisis and global economic problems.

However constitute an unforgivable mistake to forget the signs that markets left us in 2008, it is estimated that by 2050 the world population would reach 9 billion people with food demand will continue to increase steadily, as expressed by Dr . Joseph R. Nunez, speaker at the conference "Genetic Engineering: Technology in the genetic improvement of crops," organized by the Consulting Education Cooperation Science and Technology (COCECYT).

"The continued growth of the food supply that occurred in the past made it seem obsolete the prediction that human population grew in geometric progression whereas food production was rising as arithmetic.

Unfortunately, today the growth of the food supply is threatened by limited availability of arable land, access to water and the negative effects that climate change may have on the overall productive potential, "said Hector Baez Tisol, CEO of COCECYT.

Recently the United Nations agency and Agriculture Organization (FAO), warned of the possibility of incurring a global food crisis due to increased agricultural output this year by the lack of credit to producers.

FAO estimates for the current year, a reduction in global grain production due to reduced plantings and to poor performance of the planted items directly proportional with the reduced use of inputs and adverse weather conditions.

With current production levels, over one billion people suffer from hunger. It will be necessary to double the yields of our crops in the next forty years to fully meet the global demand for food in 2050.

"To increase food production in a sustainable manner, optimizing the use of natural resources, one of the essential tools we have is the discipline of plant breeding.

The so-called Green Revolution is a clear example of the enormous potential of this activity, defined as the science and art applied to developing improved crops and plants, or rather can contribute gradually but support policies and other efforts, "said Nunez.

Green Revolution is the term used to describe the transformation of agriculture that began after World War II, by creating an experimental station in Mexico to develop new and improved varieties of wheat to meet demand from a growing population.

A decade after the project started, Mexico, which imported half its wheat requirements, managed to feed themselves and the end of the second decade of the project became the grain exporting country.

The success of this international initiative was later repeated in India with the wheat and the so-called "miracle rice", which became one of the most efficient countries in the production of this essential crop in the diet of the people .

Genetically engineered foods

Transgenic plants and food as such do not exist are not transfers a gene from one species to commute to another. For example some call transgenic tomato which has a slower decay process, when what we have done is to switch the gene and isolate it for longer maturing product life doing, not that it is not damaged, but the process of slower fermentation.

The initial objective for developing plants based on GM organisms was to increase crop protection through the introduction of resistance to diseases caused by insects or viruses or by plants with greater tolerance to herbicides, drought or increased levels of nutrients from food.

These contributions will be added the fact that genetic manipulation of plants will have an impact on other productive sectors: such as floriculture and landscaping, the development of chemical industry and in improving the pharmaceutical industry, because through the Plant biotechnology may change the genes of plants and thus make them less vulnerable species to natural effects such as drought, pests and therefore may have greater control over the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
These techniques are already applied in the international market for products such as corn, rapeseed, soybeans, pumpkins and potatoes developed countries like USA, Canada, Argentina, South Africa and the European Union. In the Dominican Republic are not marketed.

Increasing crop productivity over time is determined by a genetic component (new varieties or hybrids) and an environmental component (chemicals, tillage, etc.)..

When using specially designed experiments are discriminated both effects can identify the genetic gain achieved in a given period.

Thus genetic gain is the increased productivity achieved by an improvement program after one or several cycles of improvement.

Research conducted in several countries and different cultures, show that the genetic gain explains about 50% of increases in productivity of major crops during the last half century.

That is a breeding program?

A typical breeding program consists of five main activities: a) Genebank, b) Biogenetic c) Bioinformatics, d) Regulatory Issues, e) Intellectual Property.

Access to and management of germplasm or genetic basis is critical in any project of improvement in the long term and that without adequate genetic variability can not be generated genetic gain.
Therefore access to both locally adapted germplasm and exotic germplasm, knowledge of existing heterotic groups, identification of disease-tolerant materials, etc., Are key aspects of any improvement program.

The biogenetic include processes, methods and improvement strategies used by geneticists to achieve their goals.

The adoption or not certain processes or tools can explain the different results obtained by different programs.

Bioinformatics refers to the use of hardware and powerful, which allow fast and efficient storage and analysis of the huge mass of data generated by the program.

The accuracy in identifying a new cultivar superior, conducted among several thousand candidates is today a more efficient process through the development of bioinformatics.

All activities of a breeding program are regulated by government institutions. In the case of our country, and introduced the Biosafety Bill.

Intellectual property rights in plant species is an area of great importance and complexity. The world legislation shows large differences between countries in both the concepts and the forms taken to pursue the protection of varieties.

If estimates by international agencies indicate that food production must double over the next forty years to cope with population growth, comes a disturbing question: Can the genetic improvement face daunting challenge?

Experts in plant genetics, molecular biology, biotechnology and agronomy consider:

1) The genetic improvement will remain the basis and essential tool to generate the growth of future yields, which continue to rise over the coming decades at the same rates as in the recent past.

2) The biotechnology through increased supply and diffusion of GM crops, will continue to provide defensive characters such as tolerance to herbicides, diseases, pests and drought.

3) The molecular biology will facilitate the generation and management of genetic variation and selection, increasing speed and accuracy improvement processes, to achieve greater yields and increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic factors limiting the same.

4) Globalization in the evaluation and use of germplasm available and universal access to new technologies open new possibilities for growth.

What is being done in the country?

The Institute for Innovation in Biotechnology and Industry (IIBI) has conducted research projects aimed at developing management techniques of genetic engineering in plants both ornamental and the system of classifying native food species, through techniques such as open-pollinated is the most used in countries with low investment in biotechnology such as ours, but also with the system of hybridization for plant breeding.

For all these reasons, we can say that the conditions are necessary for broad genetic base, modern technology, qualified experts, and calling companies prepared to produce in the coming decades the tremendous growth that allows double the current yields and to place the country in the way of development of biotechnology research, as is happening in Cuba and other Latin American countries, but more importantly we provide a step response to the food problem in a high percentage.

jueves, 22 de octubre de 2009

It consolidates proposed beautification with flowers

With the proposal of the Garden Club of Peru "Floralies" Cajamarca becomes more attractive in the eyes of locals and visitors.

The traditional decoration of balconies in the city center with beautiful ornamental flowers is a significant step in the recovery of public spaces as well as communion with the preservation of the environment.

The Garden Club of Peru - Cajamarca flower show yesterday concluded the second exhibition of potted plants, which developed in the courtyard of the monuments in Bethlehem.

It could be seen in this exhibition beautiful flowers, from geraniums to violets.

Bethlehem came alive with the scent and color of these beautiful flowers.

Beyond their decorative effect, use of indoor plants gives people a more cheerful and more life in harmony within the plant, with its wise and contemplative way of life, can teach us.

Scientific studies have shown the benefits that plants in our home, for example to purify the air, bringing about a more pleasant atmosphere, evoke a soothing action or reduce stress.

In offices has shown an increase in labor efficiency, decrease in the amount of dust and a considerable reduction in carbon dioxide levels, highly injurious to health.

They are given all the terms of incorporating plants in your home, choosing the most suitable species in each environment decoratively speaking, but always to benefit the peace and harmony with the plant world.

miércoles, 21 de octubre de 2009

The crisis rages with flower and plant sector

Since both exports fall (-7%) and imports (-12%). The pink and rose flowers are sold abroad. To reduce the effects of the economic situation and IBERFLORA FEPEX have signed an agreement.

During the month of July, we sold 7 percent fewer flowers and live plants reaching 141 million euros and also imports 12 percent less, with 99.2 million. Some data show that in times of crisis people buy and give away fewer flowers and plants.

In the case of the cut flower, export declined by 19 percent the total of 20.2 million euros. The major exports are the carnation with $ 12.7 million (-21 percent), followed by the rose with 802,770 euros (-29).

Regarding plants, plant exports fell 6 percent to 115 million euros, of which 63.3 are outside plant and 26.7 inside.

Import flowers in July fell by 6 percent with 36.1 million. While living plant decreased by 15 totaling 50.8 million euros.

With these data, the Spanish Federation of Associations of Producers and Exporters of Fruits, Vegetables, flowers and live plants (FEPEX) and IBERFLORA have signed a cooperation agreement that seeks to promote the fair as a national benchmark of the productive sector.

Ya que caen tanto las exportaciones (-7%) como las importaciones (-12%). El clavel y la rosa son las flores más vendidas en el extranjero. Para disminuir los efectos de la situación económica, FEPEX e IBERFLORA han firmado un convenio.

Madrid. 09/10/2009
Belén Jiménez

Durante el mes de julio, exportamos un 7 por ciento menos flores y plantas vivas alcanzando los 141 millones de euros e importamos también un 12 por ciento menos, con 99,2 millones de euros. Unos datos que reflejan que en épocas de crisis la gente compra y regala menos flores y plantas.

En el caso concreto de la flor cortada, la exportación se redujo un 19 por ciento totalizando los 20,2 millones de euros. Las mayores exportaciones corresponden al clavel con 12,7 millones de euros (-21 por ciento), le sigue la rosa con 802.770 euros (-29).

Respecto las plantas, la exportación de plantas bajó un 6 por ciento con 115 millones de euros, de los cuales 63,3 son de planta exterior y 26,7 interior.

La importación en julio de flores se redujo un 6 por ciento con 36,1 millones de euros. Mientras en planta viva se redujo un 15 totalizando 50,8 millones de euros.

Con estos datos, la Federación Española de Asociaciones de Productores Exportadores de Frutas, Hortalizas, Flores y Plantas Vivas (FEPEX) e IBERFLORA han firmado un convenio de colaboración que busca fomentar esta feria como referente nacional del sector productor.

martes, 20 de octubre de 2009

Festival opens Flowers - Plants on Paseo de la Reforma

In order to promote the attractions of Xochimilco, Cuajimalpa, Tlalpan and Tlahuac, the boundaries involved, the fair will be from 16 to 25 October

Festival opens Flowers & Plants on Paseo de la Reforma
The festival allows people to know part of the natural wealth of the south of the city and thus promote local tourism and appreciate the natural heritage



The Secretary of Tourism of the Federal District (STDF) opened the Festival of Flowers and Plants, which will take place from 16 to 25 October in the Paseo de la Reforma, where delegations participating hortifloricultores Xochimilco, Cuajimalpa, Tlalpan and Tlahuac.


One aim of the festival of flowers and plants, said the CEO of Strategic Projects STDF, Juan Carlos Arnau Avila, is to promote the attractions of each of the river and the stretch from the streets of Liege and Glorieta Diana may assessing this activity.


Prices of flowers and plants of this fair are modest, then from five to 100 pesos depending on the species.


From 16 to 25 October, 120 producers of delegations Milpa Alta, Álvaro Obregón, Xochimilco, Cuajimalpa, Tlalpan and Tlahuac exhibit and sell flowers and plants on Reforma Avenue, Monday through Friday from 10:00 to 21:00 hours in the 12 steel for the sides.


This festival, said the unit, allows people to know part of the natural wealth of the south of the city and thus arouse their curiosity about these delegations and thus promote local tourism and appreciate the natural heritage.


Among the species are exposed to the marketing of ornamental plants for indoors and outdoors, as well as trees, shrubs and vines, carnivorous plants, bonsai, medicinal, cacti and succulents.

Inauguran Festival de Flores y Plantas en Paseo de la Reforma
A fin de promocionar los Atractivos de Xochimilco, Cuajimalpa, Tlalpan y Tláhuac, que las demarcaciones PARTICIPAN, la feria Estará del 16 al 25 de octubre

Inauguran Festival de Flores y Plantas en Paseo de la Reforma
El festival a parte Permite conocer la población de la Riqueza natural del sur de la ciudad y de esa forma Propiciar el turismo y local Apreciar el patrimonio natural de



La Secretaría de Turismo del Distrito Federal (STDF) inauguro el Festival de Flores y Plantas, el Cual se realizará del 16 al 25 de octubre en la avenida Paseo de la Reforma, donde hortifloricultores PARTICIPAN de las Delegaciones Xochimilco, Cuajimalpa, Tlalpan y Tláhuac.


Uno de los Objetivos del festival de flores y plantas, el director general DESTACO de Proyectos Estratégicos de la STDF, Juan Carlos Arnau Ávila, es promocionar los Atractivos cada una de las demarcaciones y en el tramo de las calles de Lieja y la Glorieta de la Diana Podrán Apreciar esta actividad.


Los precios de las flores y plantas de módicos hijo de esta feria, pues van desde los cinco hasta los 100 pesos, dependiendo del tipo de especie.


Del 16 al 25 de octubre, 120 Productores de las Delegaciones Milpa Alta, Álvaro Obregón, Xochimilco, Cuajimalpa, Tlalpan y Tláhuac expondrán y venderán flores y plantas sobre la avenida Reforma, de lunes a viernes, de 10:00 a 21:00 horas, en las 12 aceras Correspondientes una las laterales.


Este festival, señala la dependencia, a parte Permite conocer la población de la Riqueza natural del sur de la ciudad y Así despertar su curiosidad por conocer estas Delegaciones y de esa forma Propiciar el turismo local y Apreciar el patrimonio natural.


Entre las especies expuestas para su Comercialización Están plantas de ornato para interior y exterior, Así como árboles, arbustos y enredaderas, Plantas Carnívoras, Bonsai, medicinales, cactáceas y suculentas.